APA 7 Basics

Online

APA Style and Grammar Guidelines (apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines)

Book

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition (2020)

Parenthetical Citations: Placed at the end of a sentence before the period; location or page at the end in parentheses for quotations.

… the end of a sentence (Sharan, 2018).

… the end of a sentence (Frisch & Rabinowitsch, 2019, p. 260).

… the end of a sentence (Morales et al., 2022, pp. 290-230).

… the end of a sentence (Health Institute, 2024, 8:22).

Narrative Citations: Author(s) and publication year are incorporated into a sentence: place location or page at the end of that sentence in parentheses.

According to Morales et al. (2022), the uncertain future of the DACA program has led to “considerable anxiety, fear, hopelessness, and distress among its recipients” (p. 329).

Sources cited In-Text but not Included in References: Sources that cannot be recovered by readers like emails, personal interviews, and unrecorded lectures. Give the initial(s) and surname of the communicator and provide as exact a date as possible, using the following formats:

Narrative citation: E.-M. Paradis (personal communication, August 8, 2019)

Parenthetical citation: (T. Nguyen, personal communication, February 24, 2020)

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Articles with Two Authors

Frisch, N. C., & Rabinowitsch, D. (2019). What’s in a definition? Holistic nursing, integrative health care, and integrative nursing: Report of an integrated literature review. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 37(3), 260-272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010119860685

Articles with Three or More Authors

Morales, F. R., Rojas Perez, O. F., Silva, M. A., Paris, M., Garcini, L. M., Domenech Rodríguez, M. M., & Mercado, A. (2022). Teaching DBT skills to DACA recipients and their families: Findings from an ECHO program. Practice Innovations, 7(4), 327–341. https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000191

BOOKS

Authored Book

Sharan, K. (2018). Java language features: With modules, streams, threads, I/O, and lambda expressions (2nd ed.). Apress. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3348-1

Edited Book

Robinson, P. J. (Ed.). (2013). The Routledge encyclopedia of second language acquisition. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203135945

Chapter in an Edited Book

Albers, M. (2013). “Unkosher Jewish”: Jewish popular culture in Berlin. In C. S. Dorchain & F. N. Wonnenberg (Eds.). Contemporary Jewish reality in Germany and its reflection in film (pp. 99-110). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110265132

WEB PAGES

Webpage on a News Website

Triggle, N. (2025, January 6). Child mental health crisis: Better resilience is the solution, say experts. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gp19n111vo

Webpage with a Group Author

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024, May 14). Preventing dengue. https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention/

Webpage on a Site with Frequently Updated Content

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Space Weather Prediction Center. (n.d.) Aurora timeline for tonight and tomorrow night (experimental). Retrieved January 14, 2025, from https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-viewline-tonight-and-tomorrow-night-experimental.

YouTube Video

APA Style, Official. (2024, November, 12) Top 5 types of sources for nursing students using APA Style [Video]. You Tube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHd3QUWY3pA&list=PLpmI0isZQXKVM23xa0wEsOIlJuUUzhb_Q

AI TOOLS AND CHATS

Disclosure statements detailing the use of AI in developing the piece are encouraged.

See AI References on APA Style and Grammar Guidelines website

AI Tool

Anthropic. (2025). Claude 4.5 Sonnet [Large language model]. https://claude.ai

AI Chat

Anthropic. (2026, February 10). Essential grammar and writing skills for high school graduates [Generative AI chat]. Claude Sonnet 4.5. https://claude.ai/share/e4ff2226-32ab-430a-9024-b5bcbd42b2b7